Hip

Hip Osteoarthritis

The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint where the femoral head (thigh bone) meets the acetabulum (pelvis). This joint is designed for smooth, frictionless movement, with articular cartilage covering the bone surfaces to cushion and support motion. Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip occurs when the articular cartilage gradually deteriorates, causing pain, inflammation, and reduced joint mobility. It is a leading cause of hip pain and disability, particularly in older adults.

Causes and Risk Factors of Hip Osteoarthritis

While the exact cause of hip osteoarthritis is not always clear, several factors contribute to the development of the condition:

  • Age: The risk of developing OA increases with age, with the condition typically affecting individuals over 50 years old .
  • Previous Hip Injury: Trauma such as fractures or dislocations can increase the likelihood of OA developing in the affected hip .
  • Genetics: Family history can play a significant role in the development of OA. Certain genetic markers may predispose individuals to cartilage degradation .
  • Obesity: Excess body weight puts additional stress on weight-bearing joints like the hip, which can accelerate the development of OA .
  • Overuse: Repetitive activities that place strain on the hip joint, such as running or heavy lifting, may increase the risk of OA .
  • Congenital Hip Conditions: Structural abnormalities such as hip dysplasia can lead to joint degeneration over time .

Symptoms of Hip Osteoarthritis

The symptoms of hip osteoarthritis vary from person to person but typically include:

  • Pain: This often begins in the groin area but may also radiate to the thigh, buttocks, or knee. Pain worsens with activity and improves with rest.
  • Stiffness: Morning stiffness or stiffness after sitting for long periods is common. Reduced range of motion and difficulty in movements such as bending or walking are often reported.
  • Swelling: As the joint deteriorates, inflammation may occur, contributing to swelling around the hip joint.
  • Decreased Functionality: Over time, OA may lead to an inability to perform daily activities like climbing stairs or walking for long periods .

Diagnosis of Hip Osteoarthritis

An early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management. Dr. Ryan du Sart typically performs a thorough physical examination, evaluating hip motion, tenderness, and stability. Medical imaging such as X-rays is essential to assess the joint space narrowing, osteophyte (bone spurs) formation, and other signs of OA. MRI may be used if soft tissue damage is suspected.


Treatment Options for Hip Osteoarthritis

There is no cure for osteoarthritis; however, early intervention and a combination of conservative and surgical treatments can significantly reduce symptoms and improve mobility.

Non-Surgical Treatments

For many patients, especially in the early stages of OA, non-surgical management is effective. Dr. du Sart recommends a comprehensive approach that includes:

  • Weight Management: Reducing body weight reduces the load on the hip joint, decreasing pain and improving function. Clinical studies show that even modest weight loss (5–10%) can result in significant symptom relief .
  • Exercise: Low-impact activities such as swimming, cycling, and Pilates are effective in maintaining joint mobility and strengthening muscles around the hip joint . Exercise is proven to reduce OA pain and improve function in a variety of studies .
  • Medications: Paracetamol or NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) can help reduce pain and inflammation. Panadol Osteo is often used to manage chronic pain associated with OA .
  • Physical Therapy: Strengthening the muscles surrounding the hip joint improves stability, reduces pain, and increases flexibility .
  • Injections: Corticosteroid injections may be used to reduce inflammation and provide short-term relief. Hyaluronic acid injections can lubricate the joint, potentially offering longer-term symptom relief .


Surgical Treatment: When Is It Appropriate?

Surgery may be recommended if conservative treatments fail and the symptoms significantly affect the quality of life. The most common surgery for hip osteoarthritis is total hip replacement (THR), which involves removing the damaged femoral head and acetabulum and replacing them with artificial components made of metal, ceramic, or plastic. Modern implants and techniques have a high success rate, with long-term survival rates of 95% at 10 years post-surgery .

In some cases, hip resurfacing may be an option for younger, more active patients. This procedure involves capping the femoral head with a metal covering, preserving more bone than a total hip replacement.


Post-Operative Care and Recovery

After surgery, a structured rehabilitation program is vital for recovery. Patients will initially use crutches or a walker and undergo physical therapy to regain strength and mobility. Full recovery typically takes 3–6 months, but some individuals may take longer depending on their activity level and the severity of the arthritis .

Adherence to rehabilitation and gradual weight-bearing activities are essential to ensure the long-term success of the surgery.


Preventing Hip Osteoarthritis Progression

Although OA cannot be reversed, its progression can be slowed through early diagnosis and management. To reduce symptoms and prevent further damage:

  • Maintain a healthy weight.
  • Stay active with low-impact exercises.
  • Avoid overuse of the hip joint and engage in cross-training activities.
  • Follow a balanced diet, rich in nutrients that support bone health, including calcium and vitamin D .


Why Choose Dr. Ryan du Sart?

Dr. Ryan du Sart is a highly trained orthopaedic surgeon with extensive experience in diagnosing and treating hip osteoarthritis. His patient-first approach ensures that every treatment plan is tailored to meet your unique needs and goals, with a focus on improving function and reducing pain.

Dr. du Sart is committed to providing the most effective and current treatment options, ensuring that his patients receive the best care available in Bunbury and Busselton.


Book a Consultation

If you are experiencing symptoms of hip osteoarthritis or have concerns about your hip health, don’t delay in seeking treatment. Early intervention can help prevent long-term complications and improve your quality of life.

Phone: (08) 9779 9767
Email: admin@ryandusart.com.au

Clinic Locations:

6 Higgins Street, South Bunbury, WA 6230

20 Prince Street, Busselton, WA 6280



References:

  1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2023). Osteoarthritis snapshot. www.aihw.gov.au
  2. Fransen M, et al. (2020). Exercise for osteoarthritis of the hip. Cochrane Review.
  3. RACGP. (2018). Guideline for the management of knee and hip osteoarthritis.
  4. Bliddal H, Leeds AR, Christensen R. (2014). Osteoarthritis, obesity and weight loss: evidence, hypotheses, and horizons. Obesity Reviews.
  5. Bannuru RR, et al. (2019). OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage.
  6. AOANJRR Annual Report. (2022). Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry.
  7. Learmonth ID, et al. (2007). The operation of the century: total hip replacement. Lancet.